Endocrinology

The year 2025 marked a transformative period for incretin-based therapies, with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and the dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist tirzepatide demonstrating...

• Recent PubMed endocrinology papers highlight next-generation metabolic therapy (once-weekly basal insulin; dual GCGR/GLP-1R agonism), growing outcome comparisons of GLP-1RAs vs bariatric surgery in obesity/HFpEF, and intensified safety surveillance.

• In parallel, interpretable ML is used for prescribing patterns and thyroid/NTIS risk prediction, alongside renewed focus on 1-h glucose metrics and sex-steroid trajectories